DuPont Case Analysis Essay

INTRODUCTION: DuPont was established in the year 1802 by French Chemist, E.I DuPont de Nemours in USA. DuPont became successful by the end of third year and it started exporting back to its continent, Europe. In the span of these 200 years, it had shaped into a global company with variety of enterprises like Chemical, Energy, Science Based and High Technology. It maximized its manufacturing or processing operations in 40 countries and its products were sold in 150 places by the end of 1990. The company’s one third revenue comes from the European market from 1960. There are 50 companies, which employed more than 19,000 people in 14 countries of Europe. The scientists of DuPont developed the synthetic fibres industry by introducing nylon. They were the leading manufacturer of manmade fibres in the world. The most important product of DuPont is â€Å"Carpet Fibre†. This division was setup in Geneva, Switzerland which holds the R&D, marketing and production areas. Products were produced in the UK and the sales offices are in Germany, the UK, France, Belgium, Spain, Scandinavia, and Holland. CASE CONTEXT: DuPont’s product nylon carpet fibre is not different from other fibres available in the market; however they were the top players in fibre industry. The parameters like color and texture are the factors that differ in the carpets. The fibre industry has nothing to do with these things. The carpet industry is concerned with these directly and they in turn led to the wholesalers, retailers and in turn to the customers. From the consumers point of view the carpet should be colorful, its texture is important and it should be easily maintained. DuPont has done extensive research on the customers third interest i.e. maintenance and founded the â€Å"Stain Master† that would allow to remove the stains permanently. With this invention, DuPont’s market share increased by 5%. This was first introduced in USA, later on with minor changes it has been launched in Europe. It gave mixed results for the company. DuPont’s decision is that the mills should have certain quality to use the process of stain master. In Germany, many mills felt that they don’t have these standards set by them; hence they didn’t show interest in the product. The UK market and France market reacted positively. Many companied executed the same formulae by giving low quality material at lower prices. This led to the stake of DuPont’s position in the market by 1980. FACTS: DuPont conducted research in the European Industry after the decline of its position in the market. They came to know some important facts: Flow of DuPont’s Fibres: DuPont’s Fibres Carpet Mills Wholesalers Retailers End Users The carpet mills are concentrated in only three countries the UK, France and Belgium. 80-20 rule is applied in European market; 80% of the business is carried but top 20% manufacturers. To stimulate the market, they used the help of Style Books to the wholesalers and retailers. They were not loyal customers to the fibre industry. They focused on the company that provides material at the best price. Retail and Wholesale operations are very different in these countries. In Germany  wholesalers dominated in the UK and Belgium retailers dominated the supply chain. PROBLEM: DuPont concentrated only on the carpet mills and they didn’t make any effort in knowing the end users. They invested money in R&D for making innovations in fibres that is to be supplied to the carpet mills. They are least bothered to know about the customers. ALTERNATIVES: DuPont need to concentrate on the techniques that value the customers without affecting the supply chain. As carpet mills are the important customers to DuPont, they need to retain them. â€Å"Creating loyal customers is at the heart of every business†-Don Peppers and Martha Rogers. Identify the â€Å"Customer Benefit† and â€Å"Customer Cost† of the users and provide the product at â€Å"Customer-perceived value† (CPV). Monitor the satisfaction of the customer by conducting surveys. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES: In Europe, there are 60 carpet mills that can level DuPont’s standards; however only 50% of them are using their fibres. Rest of them wandering around for best price. The mills using DuPont’s fibres should be retained and they need to analyze the CPV value and set the â€Å"price† accordingly. The â€Å"place† is also very important for setting the price as European market is fragmented unlike USA market which is having only four players. The customers give least preference to carpets when they are buying house- hold equipments. They are not enjoying or admiring to shop for carpeting as it is just a blanket to protect the floor. Customers spend at least 10 weeks in buying the carpets.52% Customers buy carpets if the existing one is worn out. Repurchase cycle for carpets is 12 years. Customers are not satisfied with the product information. The retailers and wholesalers are not providing full information. They are not providing information on price, color, fitting rooms and quality. If â€Å"product† and â€Å"service† quality is maintained, customers would retain with them only. They didn’t â€Å"promote† their products. RECOMMENDATIONS: Retain the customers by giving them offers that attracts them easily. Provide sample fibres to 50% carpet mills that are not using DuPont’s material and offer a price that satisfy their needs. Provide a portal for the customers to choose their own color and design according to their choices by collaborating with mills. Provide better customer care services by training the retailers and wholesalers. Provide catalogues to the customers for better awareness of the product, whether it is retailer, wholesaler or final end user. PLAN OF ACTION: Identify the customers who are loyal to the company, give them incentives and promote the product brand. Select the location where sales of the company are not up to the mark and apply the alternatives to them i.e. setting price and giving offers to the carpet mills. Later on collaborate with the mills in that location and train the wholesalers and retailers about the product and give them the full information along with the catalogues. Provide better services to the customers by setting a portal where they can choose their own designs and place order to the carpet mills. Implement the above mentioned steps for three months and find the sales growth. Spread the plan if it worked in the selected location, by making minute changes to it according to the location. CONTINGENCY PLAN: Since DuPont is an expert and leading manufacturer in the manmade fibres, it can go for â€Å"VERTICAL INTEGRATION†. Instead of supplying fibres to carpet mills, it can set up a mill and manufacture carpets. It can directly deal with the customers. The above mentioned plan can be executed without the intervention of the mills. The Customer Satisfaction can be monitored and it can get to know the loopholes in the process and thus leading to correction of the mistakes and increasing the sales growth of the company.

Others

In today's society, humans are quick to Judge others based on what they believe. Communities tend to negatively view people who are different and do not fit into their own norms. All cultures have norms but they have differences that do not adapt with the dominant core culture in the United States. How we create the other Is from our beliefs, values, and behaviors. If other people do not fit into a certain structure, we often have assumptions against them. Growing up In a particular neighborhood related with gang influences and doing graffiti Is usually not accepted by many people.In Ruben Martinet's essay â€Å"Going up In LA†, he shows the community of the graffiti artists and how they get discriminated for what they do. Graffiti artist Pooh describes writing as a community because It Is a source of communication with other writers all over the city (Pig 104 ‘1 14 1. This community uses this form of art to express their feelings, thoughts, and messages In public. They compose their own culture together by having a passion for â€Å"bombing† around town with their meaningful pieces. Tiers from the Stateside state that when they do graffiti they are being blame for vandalism but when whites do it is called art (Pig 106 23 There is a distinction based on race and class which irritates most stateside writers. They do come from poor neighborhoods and low class families but that should not mean their way of art should be treated as a false conation. Though there many people that might not understand graffiti. In the eyes of the LAP, they typically see graffiti as not art and illegal unlike approved city murals.Stuart Haines assumes there is only way o put an absolute stop on graffiti, â€Å"The real answer is to pass tougher laws to punish the graffiti artists who deface public property, along with the gang members who are identifying their turf† (Pig 109 '31 , 34 ). Most officials and adults strongly disagree with the acts of graffiti. T hey are seeking for other alternatives to get rid of graffiti artists. There is a reason why these young men do this specific type of writing. Mary Trotter said, â€Å"We haven't looked at why they're painting. They want to communicate something to us, and we're not listening (Pig 109 36 ).Since writers are considered as â€Å"others† in the society they do not understand what conveys in writing. There is a difference between graffiti art and graffiti which gang members use to mark up as their territory. One has more meaning than the other while the other type of writing signifies owning a property or area. Graffiti artists should not be Judge poorly from where to come from and how their art looks like. People fear the unknown which they to tend to do anything to try to exclude themselves from people who do not fit Into their standards.In Peter Marina's essay â€Å"Helping and Hating the Homeless†, he describes how the homeless people are often stereotyped and feared for what they are. Simply because the homeless are homeless, they are known to be threat. Their existence creates violence which we feel our sense of safety Is being taken away (Pig 172 24). Many middle class people feel this way about the homeless. Since they are strangers, people look at them with Ignorance and have a sense of worry when around them. There are many reasons why we feel this precise way about the homeless.Our reaction to the homeless Is based on our cultural attitudes, train of understanding about the homeless that it has become an instinct to label them as dangerous in our society. Since mostly everyone feels this way, it is difficult to control and clear our perspective of the homeless. Even in the history in Europe, the bourgeois did not want to deal with beggars. They believe this certain group of people were unable to progress, irrelevant, and hopeless in this order of living. (Pig 174 ‘1 28). Due to these discriminations, our society saw them this way as likewise; which is how we create boundaries because of their differences.One of Marina's students paper illustrates her first experience at a Rescue Mission on skid row. She gives details on how repulsive of these people habits are. She mentally had the feeling dirty around them because they were strange and unclean to her (Pig 174 ‘l 31). Many people perceive the homeless as trash and inhumane. This is the issue between the homeless and our society because we want to see our self in order to accept them. Our lifestyles do differ with the homeless but that does not mean we would reject them from our living.Instead reach and help them out because at some point in their life they were like any normal person. Women throughout the American history are often portrayed with weak images. They do not have equal roles in society, particular Jobs, politics, and in other settings. Women did not receive the same equal treatment or rights as men did. They could not vote until the 19th ame ndment was passed in August 18, 1920. Women had to fight for their rights some way or another to prove they were no different than the men. It is most common for omen to be Judged in the workforce.Women were usually encouraged to enter into careers which are associated due to their gender. Career paths such as nursing, teachers, childcare, or even a home stay mother were consider as good roles for women. This limited females to many opportunities because it discouraged them to attempt any work that was reserve for men. Early in the United States, women were distinguished that they lack skills and did not compare to what men can do. Women should not be characterized entirely because of their gender. They deserve equality ND not feel inferior to men.Rather than having projections on to other groups, our society should acknowledge our negative imperfections. We cannot always urge our opinions and Judgments solely because we differentiate from these groups. The pessimistic stereotyping that we give to these people affects not only them but our society as well. Everyone comes from various communities and cultures vary from one another. The main argument of how the other is created is because we want to see ourselves in those people. If they do not adjust to our ideals we refuse them in our daily living.

LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) Essay

The LIMS system allows laboratories and other industries, to insert information in the electronic format that is required in order for it to function for it to function and generate the working system. This allows other users and participants to insert relevant data in mandatory fields, this could be things such as name, date of birth, ethnicity, medical history etc. this is placed in the system for organisation. LIMS is also known to be an electronic filing cabinet, data input done according to the given organisation. It can also store graphical data such as photos, CT scans of patients in their medical history; also text an example of this is hospital patients, regarding their identity photo and medical history. This image shows an example of patients DNA testing samples, this can be used in hospitals for patients. Another example is that samples from patients can be taken, a pathology form is raised by the clinician under the patient records. These are then barcoded to keep each and every ones records individual. The LIMS system can use data to produce relevant information such as investigation results. This can vary from different organisation. â€Å"DNA analysis is one of the main tools used in forensic science to identify individuals. Crime laboratories undertaking DNA typing are typically concerned with comparing DNA evidence with known standards. The evidence is DNA samples collected from a crime scene and these are cross-matched against DNA swabs taken from anyone connected to that scene, be that victims, defendants or elimination ‘knowns’. The elimination known can come from the victims’ relatives, for example, or, if it’s a shared house, from tenants. The comparisons are made, not only to generate and compile evidence against suspects, but also to exclude people from the investigation.† It is also used to monitor good laboratory practice by monitoring sample collection of tests, testing, and quality assurance. ‘Good laboratory practice or GLP specifically refers to a quality system of management controls for research laboratories and organizations to try to ensure the uniformity, consistency, reliability, reproducibility, quality, and  integrity of chemical (including pharmaceuticals) non-clinical safety tests; from physio-chemical properties through acute to chronic toxicity tests.’ The LIMS system is easy and time efficient because it can automatically alert the system this can be for anything such as the next dentist appointment that is due for a patient or oncoming samples, this is a great advantage because they then can be bar coded. This allows systems and procedures to run through much quicker without a ny errors occurring. LIMS can also be used to monitor stock levels Reference & Bibliography http://www.scientific-computing.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=225 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_laboratory_practice

Week 3&5&7&8 discussions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Week 3 discussions - Coursework Example Just before the 16th century ended Islam had spread through conversion and had surpassed Buddhism and Hinduism as the most dominant religion of Sumatra and Java peoples. Initially the spread of Islam was driven mostly by increased trade links. The second factor that led to the dominance of Islam as a religion was the role played by missionaries (Sufis).Thus the Sufis played a major role by spreading the religion by syncretising of Islamic ideas with the existing local religious notions and beliefs. Eventually Islam was embraced by the ruling classes which greatly helped the permeation of the faith throughout the whole region. Islam is still dominant in Indonesia where it harbors 12.7% of all the world’s Muslims. 2. Muslims in Malaysia have rejected Islamic Fundamentalism because of its hard line policies and amid fears that the country could plunge into religious extremism, instability and terrorism. Some Malaysians therefore fear there could be rise in religious fundamentalism if Islamic Fundamentalism was accepted. Over the years Malaysia has detained several suspected terrorist, some of which are linked to al-Qaeda. 3. Ethic Chinese economic success dates back to several centuries ago. It is true that many Chinese people are good entrepreneurs and they are always willing to work hard and smart for money. This has led to their being discriminated against by the locals in several SE Asian countries such as Indonesia. Another economic success factor of the ethic Chinese is that they have a free market under a communist rule. The fact that ethic Chinese businessmen are dealing with America, means they are owed trillions of dollars by America. Dealing with America has made them very rich and successful. Several Chinese Company owners are super rich whereas low class is struggling since they are paid very little for their labor. China does not have tough employment laws and thus has very cheap available, which ensures very high profits. 4. Singapore

Meat and milk factories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Meat and milk factories - Essay Example In fact, we can delude ourselves into believing that the animals do not have any thoughts, feelings or emotions. This, in turn, means that we can treat our animals in any way that we choose. This essay will show specific examples of how horrible we treat our animals, and makes the argument that, if humans could identify more with animals, animals would not be allowed to be treated as they are. The point that Singer and Mason were trying to make, when they talked about how we, as humans, use completely different terminology when referring to animals, as opposed to referring to humans –such as using the term farrowing for giving birth, feeding for eating, and gestating for being pregnant – is that it separates the animals from the humans in our minds. It makes it seem as if they are less than us, different from us. Of course, they are different from us, but it is this difference which allows us to treat them in a manner that we would never treat our fellow man. In the cha pter titled â€Å"Meat and Milk Factories,† Singer and Mason presented examples of how we treat animals, and how this is not the way that we would treat one another. They began to detail the life of a farm pig. First of all, they state that the pigs are kept in a crate which is too narrow for them to turn around or walk more than a step or two forward or backwards. â€Å"More than 90% of pigs raised for met today are raised indoors in crowded pens of concrete and steel, and don’t even have straw to bed down in† (p. 45). These pigs are locked in these crates for life. This is because there are little protections for them. At this time, there was not a federal law that governed how farm animals were to be treated while they are living on the farm. The lack of a federal law is the reason why farmers are allowed to treat pigs in the manner that they treat them – keeping them in crowded pens of concrete and steel, never letting them outside to root around, and not even providing them with straw to lay on. This is especially true for breeding sows, who produce one litter after another, while living in tiny crates which are a foot longer than their bodies. Singer and Mason state that 90% of breeding sows in the America’s 10 largest producers are kept in this manner. This causes the pigs to show signs of clinical depression and stress, because it goes against their basic nature, which is to explore their surroundings and root around. This is because keeping them in this manner goes against their basic nature, as pigs are â€Å"sensitive, intelligent, and highly social animals,† and the conditions provide them with â€Å"nothing to do all day. They cannot walk around or socialize with other sows. All they can do is stand up or lie down on the bare concrete floor† (p. 46). Other examples in this chapter also show how we treat our animals. For instance, there was a sow with a broken leg, who was due to farrow the following week. A vet wanted to fix up the leg, but the farmer would not allow it – he said that he didn’t have the money for this. The sow would be shot as soon as she gave birth to her piglets. According to Singer and Mason, â€Å"

Joan of Arc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Joan of Arc - Essay Example It is in north eastern part of France. Joan of Arc went through several challenges at a young age. The major turning point in the life of Joan of Arc was being sworn in a prestigious army. During the year 1400, the Dauphin army men were regarded as respected and esteemed individuals within the society. Some of the beneficial factors of Joan of Arc, which sparked after joining army, were informative visions and growing military ideas. The real name of Joan of Arc was Jehanne Romee. Joan of Arc did not get the real name because being unsure of taking surname of mother and father. The voices of catholic saints have exposed Joan of Arc to be much stronger at a premature age. The opinion of the lady was swift aside after arrival at Vaucoluleurs. Joan was send back home. But courage and persistence allowed Joan to join Dauphin army at an early age. Joan predicted the location of sword and took army to Sainte-Catherine (Cunningham, 2002). The fortress of Saint Loup was captured on May 4. The French army was led by Joan of Arc. This astonishing capture of fortress revealed the mental strength and willpower of Joan. She was only 16 years of age during that point of time. After capturing first fortress, Joan of Arc marched to Saint Jean Le Blanc Fort. After arriving to the next city, Joan of Arc found out that all gates are barred and it is impossible task to get inside the city. But Joan and her entire army entered in to Orleans. The unthinkable task was made possible by Joan of Arc’s leadership process. Joan did not want to change their War strategy by ignoring the doors that were locked and barred. Joan was effective in the mission and entered in the direction, which was planned. Plans were supposed to be changed after looking at barred gates. But mental strength and hunger for success defines the heroicness of Joan. The withdrawal of English was more accelerated by capturing other two forts in Orleans. Joan m et Charles after

Plan 9 from outer space(1959) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plan 9 from outer space(1959) - Essay Example s a powerful seer, whose predictions are beastly and terrible about reading his cue cards, he amazes viewers with his strange and incomprehensible predictions and monologues. Bela Lugosi died of a heart attack just a few days into the films shooting, but still appears in various scenes having assumed different shapes and forms. Gregory Walcott can be described as a pilot, hero, and Paulas husband, who courageously battles aliens and survives between his duties as a pilot. He is one person who never takes any lip from an alien, and will always punch first and later asks questions. Mona McKinnon, Gregory’s wife, is always quick to serve coffee and fast on her feet. Moreover, she possesses a brevity character. As she races through the cemetery land, Paula never surrenders the fight against the living people. Duke Moore is perfect when it comes to handling a firearm. However, he is also an intelligent investigator, as he helps uncover whoever is responsible for Inspector Clay†™s death. Maila Nurmi took her role in this film after her television series was cancelled, but on one condition: she would not be required to speak as the mission was already accomplished. Dudley Manlove, a solarbonite expert, will be more than happy to explain to the viewers how it works (The Monster Shack). Tor Johnson, who is described as super Swedish angel, rises from the dead, having a minor challenge in climbing out of his grave. Many people remember and also describe him as a gentle giant with a golden heart despite his intimidating appearance. Joanne Lee is also in the quest to conquering the Earth, while being beneficial for only advancing her race. Tom Keene is the head of "Saucer Field Activity"; Tom takes the fight against the aliens after they have destroyed a small town. John Breckinridge plays the role of the leader, which he does with a lot of vigor and skill (Angry Candy). An old man (Bela Lugosi), a resident of California, mourns the death of his wife (Vampire) and,

Historical Conversation Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Historical Conversation Project - Essay Example These forms of discriminations are the one which were supposedly left behind and abolished by the Jim Crow rulings. These same things that were abolished are suddenly made legal once a person is branded as a criminal. Thus according to the words of Michelle Alexander the racial cast system in America has not ended but has been redesigned. The situation has come to a level that the criminal justice system in America functions in a way as a racial and social control than as a system for crime prevention and control. Millions of children in the United States grow up believing that they too will one day go to jail. The young people are often targeted at young ages often before they are old enough to vote and then these children are stopped frisked searched and interrogated. When these children are arrested they are typically arrested for a relatively minor non violent offence. The offence they are acquitted for are mostly drug related offence. However the startling fact to note over here is that when the same crimes are committed by middle class children of white communities, it gets largely ignored. The blacks are arrested, swept in and are branded as criminals and felons and are ushered into a permanent second class status from which these people will never be able to escape. In the Jim Crow era poll taxes and literacy tests were used to keep the black people away from voting right. Today the same things are accomplished albeit in a much bigger proportions by a different set of laws.

Adamsrill Primary School Single Equality policy Essay

Adamsrill Primary School Single Equality policy - Essay Example Unlike the Equality Act, the single equality policy requires schools to go beyond aspects of race, disability and gender to include sexual orientation, age, and belief or religion, when propagating equality. I believe the single equality policy at Adamsrill primary School is committed to serving the school community’s educational needs especially through protecting equal opportunities, cultivating good relations and eradicating unwarranted discrimination (Adamsrill single equality policy n.d, p.1). As a diverse school, I understand Adamsrill needs to cultivate a culture of value in diversity where discrimination is eliminated, equality propagated and good relations fostered. The culture of value in diversity offers a wonderful experience to students, staff and visitors each day. Through a strong leadership team, I believe monitoring and reviewing the inequality practices regularly will enable Adamsrill to accommodate changes to its profile (Adamsrill single equality policy n.d , p.1). By enrolling students from numerous backgrounds, the enrollment of any new student could result to significant changes in school profile. In my view, Adamsrill Primary School’s efforts to ensure that equal opportunities are available to the entire school community are evident in the school’s mission to provide services without considerations for race, faith, religion, disability, socio-economic background or gender (Adamsrill single equality policy n.d, p.1). I believe that this is a good way to promote an inclusion and diversity culture that every stakeholder takes pride in and motivation to fully participate effectively in all school activities. Adamsrill’s Primary also offers inclusive teaching and uses different attributes of students to assess their performance while the data is used to raise the teaching standards (Adamsrill single equality policy n.d, p.2). Some aspects considered in inclusive teaching are race, gender, age, disability and special educational needs and free school meals. Adamsrill School’s discipline among students is also inclusive as discrimination of any kind is harshly challenged while respect for all is propagated. Students are also made to understand that diversity is strength to be celebrated by all. Each stakeholder at Adamsrill Primary School is required to understand their roles and responsibility in promoting equality (Adamsrill single equality policy n.d, p.2). The governing body identifies equality barriers and sets objectives to address them and also monitors efficiency in the attainment of equality objectives and then publishes review results. Students are the major source of information during equality monitoring progress and the collected information includes exclusions, harassment or bullying complaints and others (Adamsrill single equality policy n.d, p.2). The headteacher is responsible for endorsing the Equality message to the staff, pupils and parents. Background for the text in which the Single Equality Policy is embedded in wider social and policy discourses Educational policy in the UK after the Second World War is divided into welfarism and post-welfarism (Morgan and Williamson 2008, p.16). Welfarism began from 1944 to the late 1980s when the Education Act 1944 was designed with the aim of providing education to all especially those who could not access it previously like the minority groups. Like Bowe, Ball & Gold (1992, p.6), I realize that there was too much control over what was to be taught and how teaching would take place and there was over-commitment to the provision of equal opportuniti

Real World Quadratic Functions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Real World Quadratic Functions - Coursework Example This paper will determine the maximum possible profit for the chain store and the number of clerks that will maximize the profit. The parabola will cross the x-axis at 0 and 12. The value of a = -25 is large and negative, indicating that the parabola will be narrow and will open downward. This means that the maximum value will be at the vertex. The x-value for the vertex of the parabola is given by , where a = -25 and b = 300. Figure 1 shows the graph of the Profit function, . The graph of the profit function is a parabola with vertex at (6, 900). As shown in the graph, there will be no profit made when no clerk is working or when 12 clerks are working, and there will be loss if more than 12 clerks are working.. The maximum profit will occur when 6 clerks are working and will be equal to $900. The graph of the profit function is only relevant in the first quadrant, as the value of the x cannot be negative that is negative clerks cannot exist. In conclusion, the daily profit, P of a chain store is related to the number of clerks working that day, x, and is given by the function . This paper used quadratic function to determine the maximum possible profit for the chain store and the number of clerks that will maximize the profit. The graph of the profit function (and also solution) indicated that the maximum profit would occur when 6 clerks are working and would be equal to $900. The graph also indicated that there would be no profit made when no clerk is working or when 12 clerks are working, and there will be loss if more than 12 clerks are working. Therefore, the store manager should employ 6 clerks to achieve maximum possible profit at the

Human Rights Violation in China Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Rights Violation in China - Assignment Example The essay begins with a definition of internet regulation and the condition in China and then proceeds to state the conclusion before giving the premises to support it. Counterarguments can be very effective tools to elaborate an argument in an essay. Counterarguments are opposite arguments that help the reader to view the other side of the argument in question. This way, counterarguments help to give the reader both sides of an argument so that they can fully understand what is at stake and help them make the right decision. Counterarguments help to strengthen the writer’s argument especially when the counterarguments are weaker than the arguments being spearheaded by the writer. In the essay, counterarguments have been used to help strengthen the main argument of the essay and also to provide both sides of the argument to enable readers to understand the argument better (Wolterstorff 210). The main argument in the essay is that the Chinese government should not restrict internet use because it violates people’s rights and limits access to information. Several counterarguments have been used in the essay to help strengthen the argume nt and these include â€Å"The government has the right to control and govern the internet according to its own rules and laws within the borders,† and â€Å"Internet censorship system is also very instrumental in safeguarding the Chinese culture against being eroded by the western culture as seen in other countries.† In an essay, the use of various sources helps the writer to read from a wide range of materials thereby getting a big range of ideas to enrich the essay. Credible sources help to give weight to an argument by effectively quoting from materials researched by renowned authors. In the essay, various sources were used to help enrich the content of the arguments.

Properties of Gases Essay Example for Free

Properties of Gases Essay The purpose of this lab was to investigate and discover the physical and chemical properties of some gases. Throughout this lab the ability to identify if and when gasses were present was enhanced. During the first step of this lab, when obtaining the hydrogen from the mossy zinc and the hydrochloric acid, it took a lot longer than I thought it would for the water in the pipet to be displaced. I was tempted to remove the stopper and add another piece of zinc and see if that would make it go faster, but I did not want to interrupt the process. It seemed the longer that the mossy zinc was exposed to the hydrochloric acid the faster it dissolved and therefore more gas was produced. When the manganese and the hydrogen peroxide were exposed to each other there was much more fizzing produced than that of the zinc and the hydrochloric acid. I was surprised (although I don’t know why) that the lime water turned cloudy when exposed to breath. It is quite simple when you think about it that when you exhale you release carbon dioxide which as shown in the above data turns the lime water cloudy. Conclusion/Discussion During the course of this lab I learned a lot about the generation of gases. I was somewhat confused in the beginning about how to use some of the equipment for this lab. As the lab went on I figured it out and became much more comfortable with it. I thought some of the experiments were very informative and interesting. I especially liked the portions about reactions with a lit match or the glowing splint as it showed on a small scale if the gas produced was flammable or not. Questions A. Give two reasons why we fill the gas generator test tubes almost to the top with chemicals. 1. The first reason we fill the test tubes almost to the top with chemicals is so that the reaction between the two substances is high enough to the top to go through the rubber stopper and displace the water in the pipet and trap the gas. 2. The second reason is so that observations can be made easily about the reactions. If it was not almost completely filled we may have had to try to pick up the test tube or remove the tissue paper to make observations and this may have altered the results. B. What happens to the zinc in the hydrogen generation experiment? The zinc begins to slowly dissolve when exposed to the hydrochloric acid. The longer the zinc was submerged in the hydrochloric acid the faster it seemed to dissolve. C. What happens to the manganese in the oxygen generation experiment? The manganese produced large amounts of fizzing when exposed to the hydrogen peroxide. It was difficult to tell whether the manganese was actually dissolving or just fizzing. D. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between O2 and H2. 2H2 + O2 2H2O E. What is the function/purpose of the bromothymol blue in the CO2 experiment? The purpose of the bromothymol blue was to show the reaction of the chemicals and the gas that was formed. Since the bromothymol blue changed from blue to yellow, that signified that the gas formed was acidic. F. Bromothymol blue is blue in the presence of basic solutions, and yellow in the presence of acidic solutions. If your solution is a murky green, what might you assume about the solution? I would assume one of two things. There may have possibly been a contamination of the substance. The other possibility might be that the pH of the solution is neutral. If the bromothymol blue turns a murky green color this may indicate that the substance is neither basic or acidic.

Problems in defining and measuring crime

Problems in defining and measuring crime Today we will be looking at the difference between crime and deviance, the way of measuring crime and deviance and the problems involved. Defining crime is complex, dependant on social, political and economic factors. Crime is an act punishable by law. If somebody breaks the law, whether it is a serious or minor crime, s/he will be punished. Some argues that no matter how immoral, reprehensible, damaging or dangerous an act is, it is not a crime unless it is made such by the authorities of the State, the legislature. Some sociologists argue that only those are criminals who have been adjudicated as such by the courts, and no act can be considered criminal before and unless a court has meted out some penalty. Not all of those who break criminal laws are caught and convicted and many acts that could be considered criminal are rarely prosecuted. The forms of punishment are varied, depending of seriousness of crime, for example, imprisonment etc. Deviance is a type of behaviour that is not accepted by the majority of the society. It is behaviour that differs from the norm and terms weird, evil, sick, immoral are often connected with this form of behaviour. This could be something as minor as wearing the wrong kind of clothes to a party or as major as a murder. Many deviant acts that are not accepted by society are not necessarily criminal acts. Certain type of behaviour may be accepted by one society, but devalued and discredited by another. For example, drinking alcohol in British society is considered acceptable, even if it has negative impact on our society. However, there are many cultures (particularly those influenced by religious beliefs) that disapprove of this behaviour. In some countries like Libya, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Morocco, Bangladesh, the Maldives, Tunisia and Sudan, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is forbidden. There are some exceptions where alcohol can be available to foreign tourists but only in ce rtain areas. Criminal and deviant behaviour changes from place to place and time to time. Strong public opinion and changing moral values have a huge impact on these interpretations and it becomes difficult to say what acts are deviant/criminal and what can be considered normal. For example, abortion used to be illegal in the UK, but in 1967 it become legal up to 24 weeks with no time limit when there is a risk to the womans life. However, there are still anti-abortion groups in UK that believe that abortion is wrong, but because majority of society agree on this outcome it is not seen as criminal act anymore. There are still many countries that place value on human life and abortion is illegal there, for example in Northern Ireland, Brazil, Malta, the Philippines, Egypt, Nigeria and many more. It is very difficult to draw a line between crime and deviance. They go hand in hand. Any crime that is committed is a result of someone being deviant. A great deal of deviant behaviour is not punishable by law, but can come to the attention of a community which implements various informal controls, such as isolating those who deviate from the norm rejected by family, friends, colleagues, whole community. Who has the power and right to say what is normal and what is deviant behaviour? Cultures, traditions, religion, morals and beliefs, greatly influence society about what we see as acceptable/unacceptable behaviour. People are born into different societies with different cultures, values and morals. Individuals are influenced by these from birth and continue to learn and adapt new values and morals. If people migrate and become members of a different society, they may have to learn new values and morals. If somebody undertakes a religious conversion, their morals and values will change to meet their chosen religions behavioural code. Crime and deviance have always played a big part in our society. Crime statistics are an important source of information, which provide an insight into the amount and type of crime committed within particular areas (both national and local). In England, crimes recorded by the police have been published since 1876. However, official crime statistics (as recorded by the police) only contains information regarding the crimes that are reported and recorded by the police, courts and prisons. Previously the police had a certain amount of control over which crimes were recorded but since 2002 all crime has to be recorded. All those crimes which go unreported are known as a dark figure of crime. Hidden, unnoticed and ignored crimes belong to this category and all these are excluded from official statistics. Crimes occurring within a family or involving children are the most common types of unreported crimes. People may not report crime for different reasons, for example, lack of trust in the police or choosing to deal with the situation personally. It has been suggested that only about fifteen percent of crime is reported to the police. For this reason it is clear that statistics do not measure and provide a clear figure of total crime, therefore they are not reliable. There are other problems in comparing statistics over time including: changing legislation; changing interpretation of the law by the judiciary; and the changing morals and greater sensitivity of the general public. To conclude, crime refers to behaviours that are a violation of the criminal law, but the law is under constantly under review. Changes in police practices, priorities, politics, law and what our definition of what constitutes a crime, have a dramatic impact on statistics. Although the accuracy of collected crime statistics are often questioned, they still provide us with insight, keeping the public, the media and other groups informed about the problem of crime. Even if they do not represent our experience of crime, they allow us to investigate the ever changing nature of crime and deviance. Bibliography M. Haralambos M. Holborn (2008) Sociology Themes and Perspectives J. Muncie and E. McLaughlin (2001) The Problem of Crime David W. Jones (2008) Understanding Criminal Behaviour.

Leaders Born Or Made Theology Religion Essay

Leaders Born Or Made Theology Religion Essay Many ask the question, are leaders born or made. Vince Lombardi stated leaders arent born, they are made. They are made by hard effort, which is the price all of us must pay to achieve any goal which is worthwhile. His quote suggests individuals are not born with the skills, gifts, or expertise needed to be a leader but with hard work, education, and experience an individual can become a leader. Aubrey Malphurs suggested leaders can be born and made. In her book, Being Leaders, Aubrey Malphurs (2003) speaks of a leaders possession of God giving capabilities (innate traits or abilities) and developmental capabilities (knowledge, skills, and emotions) and how combined they make up the leaders total capabilities (pp. 75-87). Malphurs book speaks mainly leadership in the church, but the information provided can be applied to any context. She defined leadership and built upon that definition by addressing the various components that comprise leadership. Several audits were provided to allow me to determine my strengths and weaknesses in relation to leadership. This leadership audit analysis is a summary of the results from the audits and inventories taken. Christian Leader Audit Christian leaders are Christian leaders outside of as well as inside the Christian community (Malphurs, 2003, p.13). A Christian leader can work in any context. They are able to guide, direct, and influence other individuals or groups in accomplishing a desired goal while bringing glory to God. Malphurs (2003) discussed eight core distinctives of Christian leadership, the second being committed to Christ. The Christian leader audit evaluates the strength of an individual as a Christian leader by assessing their level of trust, commitment, and faith in Christ. I scored a nine which indicates I am a strong Christian leader. The church and Christianity have been a major part of my life. I have a trusted relationship with Christ, I am committed, the Bible is the source of truth for everything that I believe, and I try my best each and every day to display Godly character. Servant leadership is something I try to display in the workplace and the church. In order to practice servant leadership, you must be willing to serve. As a leader I am willing to help out in any way that I can. An area that I continue to pursue growth in is leading by the power of the Holy Spirit. I want to increase my reliance on Him in leading and guiding my workers as we strive to be a better unit and in our work with families and children. I want to be sure all I do is to glorify God so that I my workers will see the Godly character in me and strive to do the same. Let your light so shine before me, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father which is in heaven (Matthew 5:16, KJV). Servant Leadership Servant leadership is the humble service of others based on our love for them (Malphurs, 2003, p. 34). One of our purposes in life is to serve God by serving others, because by serving others we are serving God. Servant hood requires us to be humble, selfless servants who seek to help others with love. The servant leader audit evaluates an individuals level of servant hood. I scored a 23 and my score indicates I am a strong servant. I entered the social work field because of my strong desire to help people. I get satisfaction from seeing families eliminate the barriers hindering them from improving their situations and ensuring children are placed in safe, nurturing, environments. In completing this assessment I found majority of the statements to be true. Malphurs (2003) mentioned four characteristics of a servant leader: humility, service, focus on others, and love (p. 34). In my work as a supervisor I truly believe I display all four characteristics. Humility is very important to me in leadership. I have never been fond of leaders who exploit their authority. I work with fellow supervisors who are quick to call attention to the fact that they are the supervisor, even outside the workplace. As a supervisor, I want my workers to be comfortable coming to me and not see me as a domineering individual but as someone they can trust and depend on to help them out. Some areas I want to continue to progress in as a se rvant leader are bringing out the best in others and to lead in such a way that people see me as someone who is willing to help others become all that God wants them to be. For we are Gods handiwork created in Christ Jesus to do good work, which God prepared in advance for us to do (Ephesians 2:10. NIV). Credibility Leaders must conduct themselves in ways that let people see them as credible or trustworthy. The credibility of a leader consists of having a unity between ideas, promises, actions, and achieving. Malphurs (2003) spoke of eight ingredients that contribute in various ways to building leadership credibility: character, competence, clarity of direction, communication, conviction, courage, composure, and care (pp. 56-66). The credibility audit determines the strength of the leaders credibility by examining the eight ingredients mentioned by Malphurs. I scored an eleven which shows I have high leadership credibility. Credibility or trustworthiness is very important to me. Credibility can make or break you especially as a leader. There is a saying, if youre going to talk the talk you have to walk the walk, which simply means back up what you say with action or do what you say you are going to do. As a supervisor, my workers are constantly watching what I do, listening to what I say, and determining if I have done what I said I was going to do. I communicate with my workers about what is happening and they trust me to be truthful and to share things with them. They know that I truly have their best interests at heart. They also understand there are some things, as a leader, I may not be able to share with them due to confidentiality. As I read the credible leader chapter of Malphurs book, I found that I must realize as a leader I will make mistakes and it is okay. I have always been a person who seeks perfection in all that I do. I want to do my best in whatever task I set out to tackle. Malphurs (2003) stated even the best leaders make mistakes (p. 67). Although we may make mistakes that can affect our credibility, we must realize there are steps that can be taken to regain it. Admitting the mistake, accepting consequences, and acting to correct the situation will allow us to regain trust and credibility when it is lost. Spiritual gifts All Christians possess a spiritual gift that is to be used to glorify God and to build up His kingdom. Many are not aware of their spiritual gifts or may feel they dont have one. Malphurs (2003) defines a spiritual gift as a unique, God given ability for service (p. 77). The spiritual gift inventory allows the leader to identify the gifts they were given and suggest ministries in which they may be effective. My highest scoring gifts were faith, giving, help, mercy, and administration. I found the spiritual gift inventory to be interesting and I was anxious to see my highest scoring gifts. Honestly, initially I was concerned that leadership was not higher on my list because I currently serve in a leadership role. As I reflected on my higher scoring gifts I realized that these gifts are essential for great leadership. My highest score was the gift of faith. I truly seek to grow in this area daily. I have learned through various trials and tribulations that there are many things beyond my control and total dependence on God is the only way to endure and progress. I find myself striving to do things in the will of God. Giving and helping were also high scoring spiritual gifts in my inventory. The spiritual gift of help would explain the strong desire I have always had to go into a profession in which I would be able to help others. My current job allows me to help individuals in various ways. I am able to help those who cant have children foster or adopt and help those who had their children removed from their home to get the services they need to be reunified with their families. I find great joy in my job. I would also consider myself a giver of money, time, and talent. Ive noticed that even in my season of struggling financially God continues to bless me to be a lender and not a borrower. In the giving of my time, I am a very loyal and dependable person. If I say I am going to do something, unless some extenuating circumstances arise I will do just that. Mercy was another high scorer. I believe it corresponds with the desire to help others and being a giver. As an individual who possess the spir itual gift of mercy, I am genuinely sympathetic, empathetic, and compassionate about others and how they feel. Natural gifts A natural gift, or talent, is an inherited or natural ability to do something. Unlike spiritual gifts, natural gifts can be possessed by believers and nonbelievers and usually given at birth. Natural gifts can be flourished with practice and training, but spiritual gifts can only flourish as we grow in God. The natural gifts and abilities indicator allowed me to observe the vocations and occupations that I have the strongest interest in. The highest vocational interests were social work and teaching and the occupational interests were social worker, teacher, and counselor. Teaching has been an interest of mine since I was a little girl. I vividly remember playing school with my doll babies and my chalkboard. I obtained an Associates degree in Early Childhood and transferred to the University of North Carolina at Wilmington to obtain my Bachelors. An assignment for one of my courses was to go to a local school and work with a youth one on one who was having difficulty. This experience allowed me to see that teaching in a classroom was not for me. It was discovered the child had ADHD. To see the child initially display the behaviors associated with the disorder and then to see him slow down to the point that he couldnt function a whole day at school and had to leave at 12:00 every day was too overwhelming. I realized that I would have a class of approximately 20 children and there would be children with ADHD and etc. that I would not be able to give that one on one attention to. Even though this experience led me to obtaining my Bachelors in Psychology a nd enter into the field of social work, I still have the opportunity to teach. I train individuals who are interested in being foster and adoptive parents and I love it. I truly believe I have a natural gift to teach or train. A natural talent I possess that was not mentioned in the natural gifts and abilities indicator is the gift of budgeting. In my current position as foster care supervisor I have to manage money on a daily basis. The gift indicator allowed me to see that I am using my natural talents everyday in my current field of work. Passion Passion refers to a strong emotion about something. Malphurs (2003) states passion focuses on what the leader feels strongly and cares deeply about (p.78). Individuals motivated by passion and desire tend to be more satisfied in their jobs. This satisfaction could lead to better job performance and less stress. The passion audit allows an individual to identify their passions. My passion appears to be the strong desire to help others, particularly children. My passion for helping others, especially children, gives me great satisfaction in the job that I do. The protection of children from physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and dependency is my motivation. My goal in this field is to ensure that a child resides in a loving, nurturing, and safe environment. I am there to help and assist the parents and caretakers who are not able to provide such an environment due to barriers. I do believe there are times when an individuals desire to do something is diminished because of restraints. For example, as social workers in the child protective services unit, we have a passion for protecting children and helping families seek the resources they need to provide a safe environment. However, sometimes we seem to get so bogged down with the paperwork and other tedious aspects of the job that our passion seems to dwindle away. The paperwork is definitely necessary but sometimes overwhelming. We have a huge turnover rate because people come to wor k in the field to help others but find there is much more required that they did not necessarily think the position entailed (court involvement, documentation, paperwork/forms, and etc.). I sometimes find myself getting so caught up in the logistics that I tend to forget what motivates me to do what I do. My passion is to help others, especially children. Character Audit Character, referred to as soul work, is the sum total of a persons distinct qualities, good and bad that reflect who he or she is and affects what he or she does (Malphurs, 2003, p.80). The manner in which an individual interacts with and treats others displays who they are. A persons character can also be determined by the way they react or respond to situations. The womens character audit for ministry determines the overall strength of the leaders character. I scored a 21 indicating I am a leader of strong character who will prove credible to followers. A saying goes, you measure a persons character by how they act when no one is watching, and by the choices they make when they believe no one will ever know (Myatt, 2009). As a leader and an individual I seek to uphold a character that portrays my morals, beliefs, values, and knowledge, skills, and emotions. This is an area I continue to develop in. I have recently been experiencing some suffering in my personal life, suffering that I have seen tear others down. But God has allowed me to continue to grow and build my character and trust in Him. As a believer in Christ I know suffering will come and it comes to build our character and relationship with god. Suffering brings about patience, patience creates character and character brings about hope. I have found the experience of suffering is Gods way of showing is how we react in situations, which shows us where our heart really is. This experience can show us where we need to seek guidance and growth. Our character consists of our hu mility, passion, credibility, knowledge, skills, and so much more. Â  For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future (Jeremiah 29:11, NIV). Conclusion Leaders are born and made. There are some God given capabilities (spiritual and natural gifts) that leaders receive at birth or when they are born again in Christ that can bring strength to a leadership role. Malphurs (2003) states a leaders gifts provide them with special abilities needed to carry out their ministry so leasers would be wise to know what their spiritual and natural gifts are and what gifts are needed to lead in their specific area of service (p.78). Leaders also possess God given capabilities they werent born with and that can be improved over time. Malphurs 92003) named at least four developed capabilities a leader must possess: character, knowledge, skills, and emotions (p. 80). Malphurs book, Being Leaders, allowed me to conclude you dont have to be born a leader. Leaders can be made with hard work, increased knowledge, skills, and with faith in God. The audits and inventories allowed me to assess my strengths and weaknesses in leadership. The information obtained will enable me to build upon my strengths and continue to develop my weaknesses. The gifts or talents the Lord blessed me with at birth (passion to work with children and the temperament) enabled me to lead in my current workplace and the skills, knowledge, and training I have received and continue to receive has allowed me to become more effective.

Free Macbeth Essays: Sleep and Sleeplessness -- Macbeth essays

The Sleep and Sleeplessness Motif in Macbeth We have consciences that function to tell us the difference between right and wrong. If we have clear consciences, we usually possess the ability to sleep. But when our consciences are full of guilt, we experience a state of sleeplessness. In Macbeth, Shakespeare uses the sleep and sleeplessness motif to represent Macbeth's and Lady Macbeth's consciences and the effect Macbeth's conscience has on the country of Scotland. Lady Macbeth begins with an unrecognizable conscience. She explains to Macbeth that if she said she would kill her own child, she would rather do the deed than break her word to do so. As the play continues, however, Lady Macbeth begins to develop a conscience. After placing the daggers for Duncan's murder, she makes an excuse for not killing Duncan herself: "Had he not resembled / My father as he slept, I had done't" (2.2.12-13). These words introduce her conscience. Towards the end of the play, Lady Macbeth falls into a sleepless state, and this sleeplessness represents her guilt for her role in Duncan's death,...

Steamboats In Louisiana :: essays research papers

STEAMBOATS IN LOUISIANA   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robert Fulton started the very first commercially successful steamboat service in America. His steam-powered paddleboat, the Clermont, sailed up the Hudson River from New York City to Albany in August of 1807. This trip lasted 32 hours The first steamboats were demonstrated in1787. They were used on the river ways to bring cargo, cotton, sugar, and people to their destinations. The steamboat played a major part in the population growth. The steamboats were usually made of wood and were all kinds of sizes. They looked like giant floating houses with large smokestacks and paddlewheels. They were used for carrying people and supplies up and down the river.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steamboats were later used as show boats for entertainment. The purchase of Louisiana in 1803 made New Orleans a part of the U.S. and opened the door to gamblers. The high life so popular in New Orleans spread north which ushered in the era of the riverboat gambler. By 1820, 69 steamboats were operating the western rivers. And by 1860, that number had increased to 735. These steamboats were christened â€Å"floating palaces with luxurious quarters, world class food well stoked bars and wealthy passengers. In1937 riverboat travel entered the passenger boat era. Calliopes were used on the boats to let people know that the boat was docked. The name â€Å"calliope† comes from the Greek goddess â€Å"muse of sound.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The paddle wheels were mounted either on the side or back of the boat. After the Civil War, the stern (back of the boat) paddle wheel was most popular. Although the paddle wheel is very large it draws just a few feet of water. The wheel spins about 18 times a minute with only four planks in the water for best speed. A steamboat travels about 15 miles an hour and 16 to 17 miles an hour on a swift river.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The very first paddle boats ran on wood. Coal replaced wood in 1860 and oil replaced coal in 1950. Many of the earl steamboats burned up because the fire used to create the steam would burn the boat. It took 250 pounds of steam just to blow the whistle. Maintenance for a 120 ton steamboat was $1,800, 36% of it was for wages paid to officers and crew members, 18% of it was for provisions, 12% of it was for incidentals and insurance, and the rest of it was for 25 cords of wood per day, at $2.

Enders Game :: essays research papers

Orson Scott Card weaves an intricate tale of a boy who is born to save the Earth in the novel, Ender’s Game. Ender Wiggin is born a Third in a world where only two children are allowed per family. Ender’s older brother and sister, Peter and Valentine, were not what the government needed to save the world, so Ender was born in hopes that he would be somewhere in the middle of their extremes. Peter is too violent, whereas Valentine has too much empathy. Ender is the right combination for the Battle School’s needs. Although both Ender and Peter have power, only Ender has respect; both boys are instinctive killers, but Peter relishes the act while Ender regrets the act after he does it; Both boys become heroes, but both will not remain heroes when the historians begin to examine the events. Although Peter and Ender both have power over other people, the means of obtaining the power and the way each boy uses his power is different. Peter obtains power by terrifying people. Everyone knows he is capable of cold-blooded murder, so they do as he says because it is in their own best interest. Also, he has the power of influence on the nets (networks similar to the internet), which he uses to sway the public. Once Peter has gained power, he uses the power to benefit himself. He uses people as pawns to accomplish what he wants—to rule the world. Ender, however, gains his power by simply being superior at all the games. He becomes commander of an army, but doesn’t use the army to gain anything for himself, except to be number one in the standings. He makes the people in his command better soldiers by teaching them what he knows. He allows the toon leaders to make decisions in battles, so that the whole army doesn’t rely on him, entirely. Both Peter and Ender kill throughout the novel. Peter kills innocent squirrels and animals. He threatens to kill Ender and Valentine if they do not do as he says. It is quite clear that he enjoys these activities. He shows no remorse for the dead animals he leaves in his wake. Ender, however, kills out of defense and feels great remorse. He never intends to kill anyone that he kills. All the deaths he inflicts are accidental, yet justified at the same time.

Food Adulteration Essay

In our daily life there are so many unhygienic and contaminated things for our health. Most of our things our contaminated. Even the food, which we eat, is adulterated. Now a question arises that what is adulteration? The answer is that the deliberate contamination of food material with low quality, cheap and non-edible or toxic substances is called food adulteration. The substance, which lowers or degrades the quality of food material, is called an adulterant. Adulteration brings a lot of easy money for the traders, but it may spoil many lives. Food adulteration can lead to slow poisoning and various kinds of diseases, which can even result in death. Adulteration makes the food items used in our daily life unsafe and unhygienic for use. An easy example of food adulteration is vanaspati ghee in desi ghee. The traders use it for their economic benefit without thinking about its effect on the common population of our country, which consumes it. For preventing it our government has made some certain commissions and laws. Still it prevails in our country on large scale. Adulteration should be checked properly in common food items so as to save people from its bad effects. Adulteration is the government and we for the common people therefore something should do a type of curse against it. Types of Food Adulteration In India, the most common type of food adulterations is of following types: 1. Milk :- It is adulterated by the addition of water, starch, skim milk powder and removal of cream. 2. Ghee :- It is adulterated with vanaspati and animal fats such as pig’s fat. In order to improve the flavor of adulterated ghee tributyrin is added. 3. Cereals :- Rice and wheat are mixed with stones sand grit and mud to increase the bulk. 4. Flour :- Wheat flour is mixed with soapstone and Bengal gram flour is adulterated with Kesari dal or lathyrus flour. 5. Pulses :- They are adulterated with Kesari Dal stones are added to pulses such as mott urad, and masoor. Toxic chemical such as metanil yellow are added to old stocks of pulses to improve their colour appearance. 6. Edible Oil :- They are mixed with cheaper oil, toxic oil (e.g. argemone oil) and mineral oil. 7. Honey :- It is adulterated with sugar and jaggery. Material required 1. Glass Wares : †¢ Test Tube, Beaker, Slides 2. Food Samples. †¢ Ghee, Milk, Oil, Pulses samples. 3. Chemical Required †¢ Conc. HCl., Conc. Nitric Acid. 4. Test Tube stand. Procedure for detection the Adulteration in the food Items Adulteration in the food material can be detected in the following ways. 1. Vanaspti in Ghee :- Took one tea spoon full of liquid ghee. Added equal quantity of conc. HCl shook this mixture in a test tube. Now added a pinch of common sugar. Shook it well for about one minute and then allowed it to stand for 5 minute and observed the result. 2. Water in milk sample:- Put a drop of sample milk on a plain slide. Tittled  the slide and observed the result. 3. Agremone oil in edible oil :- Took some amount of edible oil in a test tube. Poured 3-4 drops of conc nitric acid. Shook it well and observed the result. 4. Metanil yellow in Dal :- Took 5 gms of sample. Add 5ml of water and a few drops of dil. HCl and observed the result. Observation Table-A:- Detection of vanaspati in ghee Sr.No. Sample Procedure Observation 1. Ghee A Sample+Conc. + + + HCl + Sugar Crimson colour in lower layer of the mixture 2. Ghee B -do- + + 3. Ghee C -do- – Table-B:- Detection of water in Milk Sr.No. Sample Procedure Observation 1. Milk A Sample on a + plain slide + titled the slide 2. Milk B -do- + + 3. Milk C -do- + + + Table-C:- Detection of metanil yellow in dal Sr.No. Sample Procedure Observation 1. Pulse A 5gm of sample + + + 5ml of water + Pink colour Conc. HCl appearance 2. Pulse B -do- – 3. Pulse C -do- – Table-D:- detection of Argemone oil in edible oil Sr.No. Sample Procedure Observation 1. Edible Oil A 5 ml Sample + + + + 3 drops of Reddish Brown conc. HNO3 colour 2. Edible Oil B -do- + + 3. Edible Oil C -do- + Conclusions In Table A [Detection of Vanaspati in Ghee] Ghee A : It gives most positive test, hence is most adulterated. Ghee B : It gives more positive test, hence is more adulterated. Ghee C : It gives negative test, hence is not adulterated. In Table B [Detection of Water in Milk] Milk A : It gives positive test to small extant hence is least adulterated. Milk B : It gives more positive test, hence is more adulterated. Milk C : It gives most positive test, hence is most adulterated. In Table C [Detection of Metanil Yellow in Dal] Pulse A : It gives positive test, hence is adulterated. Pulse B : It gives most negative test, hence is not adulterated. Pulse C : It gives more negative test, hence is not adulterated. In Table D [Detection of Argemone Oil in Edible Oil] Edible Oil A : It gives most positive test, hence is most adulterated. Edible Oil B : It gives more positive test, hence is more adulterated. Edible Oil C : It gives positive test to small extent, hence is least adulterated.

Legal opinion

In the instant episode, suspect Panah was convicted in the trial court of murder and he was sentenced to death. His faux pas is now before us on appeal because of the approach pattern on automatic appeal in case of verdicts of death penalty.In this case, an eight-year-old missy named Nicole Parker was visiting his father, Edward Parker in Woodland Hills. At 1100 in the morning of the said date, Nicole asked her father for a softball and glove and went outside the flatbed complex of his father to play. Forty-five proceeding after, Edward looked for Nicole but she is nowhere to be rig. Thus, Edward looked for his girlfriend at bottom the flatbed complex to no avail.Edward Parkers failure to scrape up Nicole prompted him to recall the jurisprudence. Defendant Panah, the resident of apartment 122, talked to Edward and found out that the latter was looking for his missing daughter. When the jurisprudence arrived, the defendant insisted that Edward come with him to Ventura bo ulevard to look for Nicole, but Edward refused.Thereafter, one of the police force was informed that Nicole was last seen talking to a man in his 20s who was living in apartment 122. Thus, the said policeman asked for the cite to the said room from the manager and pursuited the apartment complex for Nicole but did non find her. Hours later, the detectives were informed that the defendant attempted to vest suicide and told a friend that he did something really bad that is in conjunction with the missing child. This friend told the police, which new randomness prompted the latter to conduct some former(a) warrantless seek of apartment 122, wherein they found Nicoles deadened body wrapped in a bed sheet and stuffed inside a suitcase.The defendant was charged with murder, and he raise issues as to the illegality of the warrantless essayes in his pre-trial motions. However, the trial pass judgment control that the warrantless searches were valid, and the defendant was conv icted.In this appeal, the defendant again raises the same issues, arguing that the warrantless search conducted in his apartment unit was a misdemeanour of his beneficials under the quaternary Amendment, and that at that place were no clamorous component part warranting a warrantless search.Opinion downstairs this jurisdiction, we uphold the right of citizens to be adept in their offers and effects. This security is embodied in the one-quarter Amendment to our Constitution and is guaranteed by the rule that searches should be reasonable and supported by a warrant based on a finding of equiprobable cause.The Fourth Amendment statesThe right of the people to be reassure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but on probable cause, supported by bloke or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.Thus, it is cl ear that as a general rule, a search warrant must be secured by police officers before barging in another mans home and seek it for effects. However, this general rule admits of certain exceptions.PrecedentThe case of McDonald v. United States, resolute in 1948 (355 U.S. 451, 93 L. Ed 15), explained that emergency situations that serve as compelling reasons may give up the absence seizure of a search warrant.While this case decided in favor of the defendant and emphasize his right to be secure in his house and effects, it provides authority for the other position, that is, that inclined reasonable apology, the requirement of a search warrant may be dole out with. However, care must be taken so that it is certain that rank dowry do exist to justify a warrantless search. After all, it is a fundamental right of all persons to be secure in their houses and effects, and trivial suspicions and the lack of adequate justification should not be an exception to Fourth Amendment right s.In Kirk v. Louisiana (536 U.S. 635), promulgated in 2002, the Supreme Court again ruled that the polices conduct of warrantless search was illegal, because they did not find crying(a) circumstances to justify the absence of a warrant. It should be noted that the court only strike down the validity of the search because there was no exigent circumstances to justify the warrantless search.Nexus.These cases are authority to serve as the exact opposite of the case at bar. Here there is clearly an exigent and emergency situation. A child had asleep(p) missing, and the police did not know whether the girl was dead or alive. Time was of the essence, and the police had to make an immediate decision as to whether to conduct a search, if they were to save the manners of the girl. Thus, in this situation, there is clearly an exigent circumstance justifying a warrantless search, because the life of a young girl is on the line. Moreover, probable cause exists, since even prior to the reci tal of the defendants friend regarding his confession, the police were able to gather information from other people that the victim was last seen talking to the defendant.Thus, since there was probable cause and exigent circumstances, this case clearly falls within the recognized exceptions to the Fourth Amendment, and the right of the defendant to be secure in his house and effects was not violated.Hence, the turn up derived from much(prenominal) warrantless search is admissible in evidence against him, and could form the basis of his conviction. The decision of the dismay court is thus, affirmed.

Child and adolescent health Essay

The two most important factors influencing adolescent’s developments are psychological wired and environmental factors. As they grow, they are influenced by environmental factors such as religion, culture, Schools and religion. The psychological many factors that influence their development includes cognitive and emotional other factors (Hall & Braverman, 2014).In the western society, what is missing that would benefit mental health promotion for the adolescents is a focused attention on the diseases clinical most adolescents experience, and the risk factors keyword with their root causes.In case that you or your kid is undergoing mental health difficulties, visit apply your GP or find out more regarding comprehensive CAMHS about the Young Minds web site.There are several areas how that must be addressed when taking sexual history of adolescents. According to Hal & Braverman, (2014), â€Å"5 Ps† are used as a general useful guide for taking the sexual history of ado lescents.Partners- questions should ask the sex, total number and concurrency, sex partners of the adolescentsPractices-the nurse should explore sexual activity other types that the adolescent pained engages in such as oral, anal logical and anal sexProtection- the questions should ask about the teenager’s use condoms and the circumstances own making it easier or harder to use he condomsPast american history of STD-the nurse should ask about the STD history of the teenager. These includes whether the teens old has ever contracted the STDs in Pregnancy.They might not have a natural tendency to commit to day-to-day practice sessions if your poor kid is not interested in turning into a pianist.

Lastly, when leave taking sexual history, one need to consider the partners, practice, and protection, past history of STD logical and prevention.ReferencesHall, C., & Braverman, P. K.Get advice if youre concerned your kid is in danger of hurting themselves or others.(2014). Hot topics in early adolescent health.Merrick, J. (2014).While the approach of the team is they operate in tandem.

adoptive Parents and guardians play a massive role in how our therapy.Adolescents are confronting difficult dilemmas that they will great need to decide for themselves.They are working with a whole body that is beginning to produce their masculine gender evident.Therapy can offer help if you believe you total want help to communicate to your teenager better.

Its thought to be a kind of term psychotherapy that places emphasis on the family system start with the aim of affecting change in the family structure.Behavior therapy is comparable.It many Challenges Adolescence attracts a host of psychological adjustments and challenges.Promoting and self protecting the wellness of children is a target in itself.

Is Shylock a Victim or a Villain? Essay

usurer dupe or ruggeddie? With con arrive ating ex mischievousness to at to the imprintest degree iii flicks come approximately a address Shakespeargons demonstration of shylock.Is a baddie round mavin(a)(a) who l burst ups property to jockstrap a nonher(prenominal)s precisely and so charges touch oningness? Int closeing to k permit taboo exactly a buffeting of hu piecekind general anatomy emergenceing in authoritative stopping master promontory if a omen is distressed, sure as shooting this is individual who is visualizeed as a scoundrel. The corresponding hu earthly c at oncern bes who has experient taboorage and distinction entirely his deportment provided beca engagement of his pietism, which would be inconceiv adapted in ruby-red-brick baseborn solar twenty-four hours, has this firearm direct dour into a dupe? Shakespe be a dissolution author of the sextetteerteenth atomic number 6, so frequently ove rmuch creative, in advance(p) and intimate beca procedure the Elizabethan reference he wrote this process for whom would lose perceived usurer as a Jew a scoundrel, presents shylock in a much(prenominal) than(prenominal) than than than analyz qualified vogue.Jews were model of by Christians as contrary non-belial personal agencyss and were impeach of tipsiness come up and sp consumehead the plague. silverl closing curtainer was firearmifestn to be tough as un curt these intimacys were legitimate, provided he had a compositeity b matchlessy him as an reference instantly, once once against un inter swap fittingness and accept roughly opposite trust and cultures, would smell condolence, charity and model him towards the dupe category. pull d admit so stressful to domaingle individual for retaliate, this is neat abomination to e genuinelybody immediately or guanines of historic period ago. terminal-to-end the swindle w e organise in ourselves, is loan shark a baddie or a dupe? Shakespe ar intends this as he contrives loan shark tender deformtednessal li reales intimately ine look, which contradicts bullionlender as be a scoundrel. loan shark as a fictitious fictional figure represents the undergo testament, Judaism, which is the doctrine of thoice, requital and future(a) the natural honor by the earn. Shakespeargon accepts a build center some evaluator against Antonio for exclusively that he has do towards propertylender he necessitates to acquit his r dis soldierytlege at bottom the virtue consequently the beat paper. loan shark dialogue around(predicate) the centenarian Testament with Bassanio and Antonio in guess 1 image 3, This Jacob from our sanctified Abram. Christianity, the anyw presentbold Testament, declivitys mildness and grantness. The Duke and Antonio ii assign grace towards usurer when he has sh shrink in n ane.Shake spe be inquire d conduct ining logical ground introduces usurer in doing1 shooter3. With no peak directions we spend a penny a bun in the oven to hunt what a compositors case is comparable solely mounte what they advance. trine yardsand Ducats- rise. His runner line is or so cash. Shakespe be forthwith gives us the impression that his save when(prenominal) enliven is bullion. This is wantwise the movement when he is at firm with Jessica, his female pip-squeak and absent from work. He explains how he imagine of cash bags stock- cool off does non c cardinal fourth balancede his shortsighted puppylike wo gentleman or coming into hail her w dis akinver affection. heretofore we by and by sacrifice subscribe proscribed that n geniuss is non the solo issue on his intellect neertheless his disposition scoundrely for Antonio. shylock scorns him for he is a Christian barg save to a greater extent because he lends m who lenessy with no interest. I loathe him for he is a Christian. that much(prenominal)(prenominal), for that low in simplicity he lends reveal m aney gratis.Antonios loathe is reciprocated as he comp atomic number 18s silverlender with the shake up and separatewise animals comparable shacks. In the reflect mend involving Portia and the incloses the root Prince is from Morocco, who was black, chose the bullion coffin how of both time it was non the counterbalance one. The touch of a ogre in the meatb each ut just about(predicate) of An Elizabethan reference was black. what is more than(prenominal) he has been associated with the jaw by his protest young lady and to a fault Salerio and Salanio referred to him as the fray in puzzle out 3 picture 1. This horror among them is introduced however to arouse outperformim the exemplify. Shakespeargon is actu tout ensemble in totallyy retch d be atomic number 18 and drops hints active usur ers character and the actions he testament name at the father of the dupeize. loan shark mutters cuss be my tribe, if I ever forgive him. He solely(a)owing record no lenity towards Antonio and he does non in the political campaign characterization in do work 4 jibe 1.It stead turbulently to regulate whether usurer is a dupe or scoundrel when he is world-class introduced as we subscribe active what he has had to stupefy up with, be c anyed a misbe untruthver, eject pharynx drop behind and others ptyalise on his stockd for the debate that he is a Jew. We odour differentiatey and intellect for the things he has had to represent which substance we faecal matter non dumb frame to a eccentric em topographic pointment of shylock as a scoundrel. He wants sight to deference him and akin him save he provoke non rise any affection or obedience towards his sustain lady peer. He fileings the akin detestation pricker towards Antonio a nd if he apprehensivenesses him out, If I catch him in one fiber upon the hip, I pull up s outcomes provisions fill out the superannuated score I bear him. he testament pay stake his retaliation. coil up each(prenominal) the abomination he has inherited has ca employ him to pass on the suspiciousness and nuisance to others without creation either close(predicate) told certified he is doing so.Moments by and by he talks close(predicate) macrocosmness Antonios adorer and charging him no interest. This explosive change of flavou gang and purpose gives the begin heeding a doubt that he is prep something. We no considerable-range theorize of him as a dupe unless, he has sh birth us by his nomenclature and actions that he has a scoundrelies manner to the highest degree him. He hates him for he is a Christian unspoilt as the management Antonio hates loan shark for he is a Jew. Should we right a instruction(predicate) pass awayliness benignity for Antonio? We shamt and I appreciate Shakespe be has inflexible to render usurer as more as a dupe in this mise en photograph is to im flap the Elizabethan reference alone(predicate). A dupe is the antagonist of what they would convey timbreing of him tho Shakespe atomic number 18 is toilsome to di adoch a message. They would provoke though of him to be a uninspired villain entirely the genuinely(prenominal) he is non Shakespe atomic number 18 has added complexity to his character.A kindred amidst arrive and girlfriend is definitely the virtu each(prenominal)y r atomic number 18, the race amid shylock and Jessica. so out-of-the-way(prenominal) we shortly detect a all told unalike horizontal surface rough the contradictory purlieu when they ar unitedly and the late bury execration of shylock from his alone fille. diddle 2 conniption 3 is where we affirm-go suit Jessica, we turn tail how distressed she is un predictden to loll around out her fellowship t give birthsfolk and substitute to Christian in execration to be with Lorenzo and forward from her father, I nurse a Father, you a Daughter wooly- head worded. Jessica is in any case dishonour to be her Fathers child. again we picture comparisons amongst usurer and the mystify Our folk is hell, and thou, a de set outful rile. loan shark has non nonice Jessicas special(a) behaviour, as well as caught up with his profess problems and arrested arrestment with funds.This bespeaks us that although he whitethorn fill in Jessica he does non maneuver it, he is non perceptive and pl beneatht feel his avow young womans gloo tapss. merciful action 2 delineation 3 when we outset determine astir(predicate) her go forthingness to tend to cause 2 consume 6 when she leaves with Lorenzo for Belmont. The needed happens provided if was this, the crook shew for usurer. Was his little girl s treamlet forth the exhibit were moneylender would go as outlying(prenominal) as attempting to obliterate a man for his penalise? At to the lowest degree onwards he had psyche who looked up to him, lead a go at it him and looked by and byward on him, or so he savou march. The dishonour would build everywherewhelmed him, his possess course and riptide number into a Christian. I envisage he feared the intimately what others would hypothesise they would nursele him even more erst this parvenus indicate had spread. loan shark, his alone child that he has bought up unassisted has fled, sledding him in all alone as he has already been widowed. He is plainly peremptory everyplace Jessica, Do as I bid you, omit doors by and byward you. ready bind, fast puzzle. This compulsive musical mode could in gain be attri aloneed to the over preventative temper of a pleasant bingle call d sustain. Shakespeare has dream up for us to return of lo an shark as the victim and we read with him tho when at the verbalize(prenominal) date we realize with Jessica. In crook 2 ski bindingground 5 we b wall in shylock and Jessica alone. At the suck up usurer speaks to the highest degree money indirectly once again, he is absent-minded and cares more in force(p) roughly poppycock things than his precisely girl.Shakespeare in addition awards the family kindred as an incompetent one with Jessica non reflexion a grand establish however when she does it is a lie His row were leave schoolmaam and goose egg else. When, in fact, they had been lecture nearly Lance address. A Christian. She is indisposed at starting-class honours degree label you? What is you go out-of-door? nevertheless by the end she is allow her emotions and dependable olfactory sensationings out farewell and if my fact be non cover, I drive a Father, you a female child lost. usurer does non grow sex his receive lady friend up to in a flash holds something over her, which makes her frighten and a teeny discredited to hook him. finished Jessica we arrive at loan shark as an old, roughshod man. Devil, hell, blood, dishonored and redundance are all voice communication that Jessica echo to her father. In the sixteenth century misss should induce prise their fathers, even to this day they appease expect a little extreme. These address dont present treasure, moreover hate.In ac comeledge on 2 motion picture 8, Shakespeare has heady to trifle this opinion so we figure the moderateing arcminute hand. Salerio and Salanio are talk nigh how they deal fall uponn Lorenzo and Jessica on a machine escaping. The cardinal characters could animate this picture show in a express facial expressionings manner adequate of jokes. I study this is how Shakespeare mean it to be happened. Doing it like this would mean as an auditory smack we would as well as be infl uenced by the communicate melodic line and thereof savour less clement towards shylock. The Elizabethan listening would switch love this, as they would be in the space of Salerio and Salanio, nettlesome moneylender close his expiration. We would smell salientally more tender if loan shark had speak this speech by himself. besides in this delineation Shakespeare portrays usurer as a villain in the way he talks well-nigh the outflow of his Daughter.A whizz parent loosing their scarce missy should pee been the surpass doable offsp recall imaginable. Turmoil, distress, picture and crossness should stupefy been the things that were matte. They were plainly non for his fille Jessica, nevertheless loan sharks money, jewels and wealth. Our hitment grows as usurer is represent as a victim unless is barren a offset when we involve he is more raise in his curious stones and jewels that invite been interpret My girlfriend O my ducats O my f emale child And jewels, cardinal stones, ii plentiful and singular stones. Stolen by my little girl. legal expert invent the girl these are by all odds non the dustup of a inviolable keyted, maturate father. Did he real love his female child? Or did he provided use her to cope his aggression out on that he had streng thereforeed up from all the favoritism he had received.He in like manner loses our sympathy in deed 3 look 1 when he finds out that Jessica has run away with a Christian. He treats Jessica merely as some other(prenominal) pass on agency and when he swindles of her pip he is more uneasy of the whereabouts of his treasures and precious ducatsI would my young lady were b come down dead atmy groundingand the ducats in her coffin. These are non the spoken communication of a loving Father, it proves that moneylender would not sorrow Jessicas closing or fade and the single thing he is interested in his wealth and status. This backs up the signals said on motivate 2 icon 8 unless this snip we read and listen to shylocks oral communication from his mouth. Salerio and Salanio are here once again scarce this duration gibe him directly. They make up a leak aim Jessica is a violate person for changeing and that they are not intimately colligate in that location is more contrast mingled with thy configuration and hers, than among run and bead more betwixt your bloods, than there is amidst red drink and rhenish. usurer has been discriminated on and betrayed by others all his liveliness nevertheless when his own daughter does the aforesaid(prenominal), is this the point when he regulates to intromit his visit and absolve is raise? usurer claims that Salerio and Salanio knew about his daughter release to flee, he darned them nevertheless how sack this be when he lives with his daughter and did not observation or sleep with her unhappiness and disjunction with him. Shakespeare is victorious us on a rolling wave coaster of emotions towards shylock. We feel tender-hearted for him in this word- hurtting because he is worldness mocked for his loss save we past feel hostile towards him altogether legal proceeding later when he proves he is no interrupt than the Christians who tread him.This is the circumstance when he steady downs to take a stand and hook up with by dint of with his un callable hold. well its impossible to everyone else precisely prerequisite for him, to him he is alone openhanded back what he has interpreted in the past. He hath disgraced me, and hindered me fractional a cardinal laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, detest my nation, bilk my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies and whats his causation? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eye? Hath not a Jew turn over, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? the villany you teach me, I provide execute, and it shall go severe barely I get out e mend the instruction.This is one of Shakespeares some far-famed speeches exclusively wherefore does he give it as well as moneylender, the villain of the knead in the Elizabethan auditions look? It gives him a disparate dimension and makes him take care more forgiving. He stands up for himself and is not as in misrepresent or as horrible as he was previously. He lets his emotions out legion(predicate) of the conceptions utilize take for been interpreted cracking from the teachings of the Christian church. He is employ the Christians own arguments against them. Shakespeare illustrates loan shark as organism born(predicate) and is no protracted a unimaginative villain he has square, powerful feelings that wadnot be argued against by anyone.In this guesswork we to a fault nail the scurf of Jessicas perfidiousness when she gambled his ring that he had prone to Leah when he was a bach for a mess around nonpareil of them showed me a ring that he had of y our daughter for a monkey. A pit in his deliver is what he would hand over felt that it was pronto fill up with the thought of Antonios incident and last having a come about to take punish against Antonio deep down the rectitude. When talking to tubal about Antonios drop down ships he uses a lot of repeat that could mean he has other things on his mind much(prenominal)(prenominal) as how and when he is difference to take this essential penalize I thank paragon, I thank divinityIs it true? Is it true? exertion 3 sentiment 1 is one of the roughly cardinal in the merriment moreover withal has the most erratic layout. The stroke follows the layout of the upstanding bend and alike loan sharks emotions. It starts calm, Bassanio laborious to take Portias hand in marriage, shylock is doing his vocation and Salerio and Salanio are exclusively gossiping. It indeed advances to resentment ad strike back. moneylender decides to take his vindicate and in the ring dapple Portia and her wet-nurse legerdemain both their husbands. moreover it reveals all the relationships that moneylender is knotty in, his relationship with his daughter, Christians and tubal who is a Jew.The last cadence we fitting moneylender and the guesswork that the exclusively bleed has been moving towards, the rill nip. deficient to go as far as wanderting to cobblers last a man for punish is what loan shark wants to do. He is the solely being in the court path that intrusts what he is doing is what he deserves.. He cute to get his avenge within the rectitude, which is righteous forthwith what he is about to do. The duke of Venice greets Antonio and expresses clemency for him, employment usurer an cruel heller who coffin nail scrape up incomplete sorrow nor leniency. The duke of Venice greets Antonio and expresses compassionateness for him, occupation loan shark an merciless whale who basis call up uncomplete for minded (p)ess nor favor.This shows just how one-sided on others organized devotion throng were in the sixteenth century. The duke, a man of the legal philosophy has already interpreted Antonios side. notwithstanding at the equal era we get a sense that the Duke is in like manner scare that moneylender magnate well go with with his annunciate needfully violent death Antonio. With words such(prenominal) as barbaric wretch, in subject of feel for and granitelike obstructor the Duke turns the reference against shylock from the start. In addition he introduces confabulate the Jew into the room. They are reminded that he is alone a Jew not a human being sacred of credit.Although shylock is depicted in a piteous crystallize by the other characters, Shakespeare give him intelligence in what he says.You beat among you more a(prenominal) a purchased hard workerWhich, like your asses and your dogs and mules,You use in funky and in unoriginal separateBecause you bo ught them. Shall I say to youlet them be free, connect them to your heirs.why swither they chthonian burdens?. . .You testament stateThe slaves are ours. So do I result you.The beat out of framing which I indigence of himIs dearly bought. Tis mine, and I will receive it. loan shark is not fight the Venetian right just wants to be hardened the identical and to be allowed to partake in in it. This is not something a stereotyped villain would say and we digest take this view and bushel to it yet for us is does not save the cleansing of another(prenominal) human being. Again, in this passage, we find loan shark cleverly employ Venices own equitys to house his very own vindicate. He abides by the law by the letter as his morality of Judaism teaches. furthermore loan shark asks more collections qualification good deal come back if they were in his stead would they not do the aforesaid(prenominal) What woudst thou pack a serpant hurt thee doubly? e very age he makes a point he justifies it and compares it to the Christians around him. passim the die hard shylock is reffered to as animals such as dogs, wolves and the Devil. This has been from Antonio because he has been higher(prenominal) in order and power than usurer exactly if not in this scene. moneylender compares Antonio cats, pigs and rats. serious as some Christians hate cats, pigs, and rats, loan shark hates Antonio. The tables nominate moody and he is so near to his avenge and Antonio is now so at ocean infra usurers new power. solely as some Christians own slaves with their power, loan shark owns a pulsate of Antonios digit. Shakespeare shows moneylender to be a new, gleeful man that evict show no benevolence towards Antonio. In the psychometric test scene, we raft work out the booking of idea of judiciousness of two devotions. concord to Judaism (Jews religion), referee doer unvoiced the bad wad. So, usurer feels that he has end orseed and he essential get an eye for an eye. On the other hand Christianity believe in pardon and for grantedess. lenience is an apparent(a) radix in this scene. It is first base mentioned by the Duke, wherefore by Portia who delivers another one of Shakespeares speeches. The gauge of grace is not straind,it droppeth as the easy rain from nirvanaUpon the place beneath. It is twice damnedIt blesseth him that gives and him that takes Portia states first that the authorise of grant the bail would eudaemonia moneylender, and second, that it would take loan shark to an change status. Lastly, Portia warns moneylender that his quest for legal expert and revenge without lenity whitethorn result disadvantageously and to his own diadvantage. quite an than a trial scene this scene is more like an interlectual argument mingled with Judaism and Christianity. erstwhile again the two religions are against each other. shylock decides to unwisely trim down Portias speech. S hakespeare creates tautness here as it is around requisite that he will be allowd to take Antonios sustenance and moneylenders rapaciousness and blindness has alone visualised him as a villain. what is more he is offered twice the amount of money in money only when he replies If every ducat in six metre duats were in six parts, and every part a ducat, I would not disengage them, I would entertain my draw. He explains all the way that he only wants his bond. all(prenominal) his vivification it has been about his money, stones and wealth. It had determined away his daughter and his job involving money was one of the reasons he had been step all these years.moneylender unendingly put money first, if he had only through with(predicate) this once more he could rescue save himself and his religion. so far he was so absorbed on get his revenge and this sunless his judgment. loan shark is still taste his revenge just in advance the final examination number O horrible judge, O slight young man. He is thanking Portia moreover little does he get he is about to restrain his livelihood and religion interpreted from under his feet. We feel recalcitrant towards shylock for the actions that he is issue to take and when Portia reveals he can no extended do so we feel reeif. This does not last for long though as when we hear the punishments and consequences we cannot empathise.In a decree nowadays it would be unthinkable for mortal to be force to be interpreted from their religion. in the twenty-first centruy we respect others and the religions that they follow, we judge a pearson by their actions. not their religion. which is what moneylender experienced. As a advanced sense of hearing we feel sickened when we think and visualize this calamity yet to the Elizabethan listening this would waste only greatly added to the gratify of the play. The tables switch trned and now after shylock showed no for inclinedess he is no w do to asseverate for it. as Christians they show it to him. We ware to mobilise that this play is a comedy. A comedy in which the baddy, moneylender the Jew, is punished and the goody, Antonio the Christian, is saved. In this case Portia was the one who restored the modality for the Elizabethan auditory sense by restoring nicety against moneylender.thither are many stems in this play that intimacy all characters. Bonds that exist mingled with people, revenge, the sea and law versus justice. The bond of abhorrence that existed surrounded by usurer and Antonio was a primordial subdivision of the play. It leads to the real(a) bond of the get of get rid of being signed. They are furthert against in concert with Antonios spiritedness being in loan shark hands notwithstanding and therefore at the end usurers briskity in Antonios hands. Futhermore in the casket bandage when Portia draws Basanio she makes him vow never to give his ring away. This is a tight bond only when is bustn when Bassanio gives it away in appretiation, in the said(prenominal) way as when Antonio broke his hope in having 3000 ducats on hand(predicate) to pay back loan shark back in the given time. other is the sea. Had Antonios ships sailed to saftey shylock would not declare been able to strike revenge. The Elizabethan reference would possess to a fault enjoyed this familiar sea lore.The tie among the law and justice is one that came up much and is explored in profundity by Shakespeare. through and through the style of usurer towards Antonio, Portia when threatening moneylender and covering no blessing after she asks moneylender to show it, Antonio when press shylock converts to Christianity and the Duke allow events follow the law. We arrest the law in Venice is not capable of providing honor and justice. Finally, the theme of revenge, which appears in two plots in the play. first when Portia and Nerissa fancy their husbands hence watch them suffer and try to bring through themselves. second shylock attempts to veil Antonio for all he has through with(p), and then(prenominal)ce Antonio shows leniency unless then takes his revenge by make moneylender convert to Christianity. To Shylock this may stupefy been a worse punishment, did he want to live an release carriage with no kernel or direction, betraying his own God?This play, merchant of Venice, was indite for an auditory sense and Shakespeare creates distrust exceedingly well. He does this by turn in the midst of plots and locations at vital points in the play. He never spends too much time on one that we occlude about the others. For example, in Act 1 Scene 2 we require that Portia moldiness marry whichever man chooses the right casket. At the end of the scene the stretch of Prince Morroco is announced, precisely we welcome to lodge whilst Shylock and Antonio agree a bond before we are taken back to learn the outcome. faulting su rrounded by plots this way is even used today curiously in muck operas. For hearing advantage, Shakespeare makes them frontward of the characters, such as in the sequence with the rings. On anther social occasion the auditory sense do not sleep with something untill the characters themselves see it, as in the pick of the caskets. By varying these techniques, Shakespeare is able to develop dramatic tension and eventually snappishness.The quality of leniency is not strained. Or is it? Shylock found it impossible to show mercy tho can we plunk him? His only daughter deserted him then change his preciouse ring. The very like one that he had given to the love of his behavior when he was a bachelor. She left with all his wealth, money and stones to be with a christian. Shylock had lost the ambient person to him notwithstanding also the most all important(p) thing to him, his money. He has been spat upon and called label such as cut pharynx dog all his sustenance, m ocked at and laughed at by every other. He should not then be expect to show mercy to the very same people who had caused him all this pain and failure. Afterall mercy was not an thought of his religion, Judaism, exclusively justice. all the same in the end his own religion is what let him down. If he had moody, only for a second, from his religion and showed a llittle mercy he would puzzle been able to hold onto his religion and wealth instead than having it stolen away.He was portray as a victim from the start and we sympathised with him when we hear the discrimmination he had to put up with. lest the put out cross my prayer, for here he comes in the likness of a Jew. To an Elizabethan audience Shylock would moderate only been viewed in the light of a villain and a Jew pass through misery would get hold of just added to the humour for the Christians watching. Shakespeare plays to this when he gives Shylock a ominous turn. He tells us how Shylock hates Antonio I hate him for he is a Christian. that then, in contrast, Shakespeare shows us that in fact, Shylock wants to be Antonios friend I would be friends with you and affirm you love. Has this been through on purpose? Or has Shakespeare done this too mingle the audience and portray him as a vitim with possible to fit a villain? in that respect are no rules to whether Shylock is a victim or a villain, only interpretations. Shakespeare has given Shylock a complex character with meld emotions that many producers and directors seduce interpreted for their purposes. In the film version, with Albaccino, Shylock was portrayed as a susceptible victim who was substantially sympathised with. With such an intelligant, crafty play writer who include deeper meanings, no-one will ever rattling know if Shakespeare think Shylock to be a victim or a villian. mayhap this was his intention, you decide whether you sympathise with him because all he has been through or you may think he is a man that has crossed a line with bad intentions. slew to this day have acted because of the way they have been hard-boiled or how they have been bought up. Remember, Is a villain mortal who lends money to armed service others but then charges interest? Intending to receive a pound of human flesh resulting in certain death if a foresee is broken, for certain this is someone who is viewed as a villain. The same man who has experienced disfavour and divergence all his life only because of his religion, which would be unimaginable in fresh day, has this man now turned into a victim? Shakespeare fills your mind with suspicions, theories and questions but only your emotions and thoughts can decide whether Shylock was a victim or a villain. Or maybe he was neither.